The simulator can also automatically create cartesian or radial grids for academic research studies. Geomechanics, petrophysics, production and reservoir engineering expertise for reservoir characterization is combined with a reservoir simulation approach and core analysis experiments to understand the optimum strategy for tight gas development, delivering improved well productivity and gas. Shale and tight reservoir simulations along with complex fractures are still a new phenomenon and there is a lack of basic understanding on the numerical approaches in order to properly analyze the simulation results. Reservoir simulation is also performed to investigate the difference between the permeability model using nonconstant vertical stress and using constant vertical stress condition on gas production behavior. Modeling and simulation of gas flow behavior in shale. Evaluation of the eor potential in shale oil reservoirs by. Our experience in tight gas research includes characterising gas storage and flow behaviour in tight gas formation rocks characterising permeability and stress relationship and anisotropic permeability reservoir simulation of tight gas production reservoir simulation of gas coproduction from tight sandstone, shale, and coal. Trace the history of technological discoveries allowing the industry to produce tight gas reservoirs in stephen a. Special issue reservoir simulation and prediction of gas. Gas reservoirs lend themselves to easy calculation of the hydrocarboninplace through a general gas law equation.
Enhancing recovery and sensitivity studies in an unconventional. Wu and others published a generalized framework model for the. This course will provide participants with an overview of the analysis and development of tight gas reservoirs. Mufits can accommodate complex geological setting of the reservoir like heterogeneity, folds or faults. Numerical reservoir simulation, also known as reservoir simulation, is a process performed in order to estimate the performance of a reservoir in real time i. Engineers need to predict the production characteristics from. Such low recovery is exacerbated in tight gas condensate reservoirs. Fundamentals of subsurface development planning for coalbed methane. However, calculation of hydrocarboninplace of a gas condensate reservoir is more complex because of the change from a single gaseous phase in the reservoir to two phases gas.
Tarek ahmed, in reservoir engineering handbook fourth edition, 2010. Shale gas and tight oil reservoir simulation sciencedirect. Some challenges in hydraulic fracturing of tight gas reservoirs. Petrophysical characterization and fluids transport in unconventional reservoirs, 2019. Business and domain experts must perform accurate analysis of reservoir. Tight gas unconventional gas reservoir engineering. Most of us are familiar with traditional tight gas reservoirs clean, low porosity sandstones or siltstones that look unattractive on log analysis, at least by the conventional wisdom of the 1960s. Our reservoir simulation training program teaches how to effectively use the entire cmg software suite to model all major recovery processes and solve reservoir challenges. Introduction webster defines simulate as to assume the appearance of without reality. Shale gas and tight oil reservoir simulation by wei yu. Shale gas and tight oil reservoir simulation yu, wei, sepehrnoori, kamy on. Numerical simulation of the environmental impact of hydraulic. Reservoir simulation an overview sciencedirect topics.
If you would like to be alerted when available for purchase, click here. There are still many challenges facing reservoir engineers as the industry focuses on more complex unconventional reservoirs. Its a valuable tool to understand the oil and gas reservoir performance under various operating strategies. Predicting the performance of tight gas reservoirs onepetro. Considerations in practical application of simulation models. Modeling discrete irregular stratabound fracture networks and network flow, including dynamic recharge from the matrix mark l. If the reservoir is small and vertical and areal effects are important, it may be possible to use a fullfield 3d model. Holditchs tight gas reservoirs part i unconventional gas resources. Our reservoir simulation software builds on 30 years of experience to deliver the industrys most advanced and complete solution for reservoir engineers. Many of the low permeability reservoirs that have been developed in the past are sandstone, but significant quantities of gas are also produced from low permeability carbonates, shales, and coal seams. The pressure will build and the tight sandstones will be overpressured, but a low permeability barrier above them will contain the gas. A sector model was built for the area selected as the prospective candidate for gas injection. Tight oil reservoirs subjected to fracking can be divided into four different groups. We consider a cubical matrix blocks, which consists of free gas and the adsorbed gas.
Reservoir simulation software company official website commentary. Through fine geological modeling and numerical simulation. Schechter it is common for field models of tight gas reservoirs to include several wells with hydraulic fractures. Reservoir geometry and dimensions the geometry and dimensions of the reservoir influence the selection of the model grid.
Starting with basic fundamentals, the book then includes real field data that will not only generate reliable reserve estimation, but also predict the effective range of reservoir and. Characterizing natural fractures productivity in tight gas reservoirs. Here, we are presenting an updated dualmechanism dualporosity that accounts the free gas in the reservoir pores and the adsorbed gas on the surface of the kerogen. Porosity averages from 5 to 10% with permeability between 0. This study investigates, by numerical simulation, gas and water transport between a shallow tightgas reservoir and a. Reservoir simulation is an area of reservoir engineering that, combining physics, mathematics, and computer programming to a reservoir model allows the analysis and the prediction of the fluid behavior in the reservoir over time it can be simply considered as the process of mimicking the behavior of fluid flow in a.
Table 1 lists the data required to run both the reservoir model and the fracture treatment design model. Type i has little matrix porosity and permeability leading to fractures dominating both storage capacity and fluid flow pathways. Our simulation results indicate that oil recovery can be increased up to 29% by using cyclic gas injection in a hydraulically fractured shale reservoir for 60 cycles, compared with the original 6. Starting with basic fundamentals, the book then includes real field data that will not only generate reliable reserve estimation, but also predict the. As you know, it is difficult to get a such informations but i am posting this message here to know if you can share with me some of your experiences about the resulting damages, both technical and. Difficulties exist, from data acquisition to the applicability of governing equations and solution techniques.
Unconventional datadriven methodologies forecast performance. Because a typical tight gas reservoir is a layered formation, it is necessary to determine values of reservoir properties, such as permeability, net pay, porosity, and water saturation on a layerbylayer basis. The data required to run both models are similar 1 and can be divided into two groups. Expect moderate delays in spe bookstore shipments due to the city of richardsons shelterinplace policy. This course will cover the evaluation, completion, stimulation, along with the development of tight gas reservoirs.
Reservoir simulation is a learning tool for better understanding oil and gas reservoir production. We used simulation approach having evaluated the eor potential from cyclic gas a injection. Shale gas and tight oil reservoir simulation 1st edition elsevier. Shale gas and tight oil reservoir simulation, wei yu, kamy. Aapg treatise of petroleum geology, handbook of petroleum geology, ed. Cmgs superior technology continues to break new ground for capabilities simulating the simple to the most advanced recovery processes through a combination of easytouse model building workflows, stateoftheart performance enhancement. In shale gas reservoirs, the gas desorption phenomenon exists so we included the gas desorption in the model using langmuir isotherm as summarized in table 3 1819 20. This book explains the fundamentals of reservoir engineering and their practical application in conducting a comprehensive field study. Schlumberger eclipse suite e100, e300, eadvanced eclipse is an oil and gas reservoir simulator originally developed by ecl exploration consultants limited and currently owned, developed, marketed and maintained by sis formerly known as geoquest, a division of schlumberger. Simulation of petroleum reservoir performance refers to the construction and operation of a model whose behavior assumes the appearance of actual reservoir. Holditch part ii tight gas sands engineering by stephen a. Shale gas reservoir simulator compared to current shale gas simulators. Holditch chapter 3 coalbed methane sunil ramaswamy, stephen a. Low permeability sandstones encased in shaly source rocks can be charged with gas.
Although there are many analytical or semianalytical models to simulate shale gas reservoirs 20212223, numerical reservoir simulation is needed to accurately model multiple shale gas well. Design and implement an online, interactive digital and geospatial website that consolidates a broad range of existing information about tight gas reservoirs, and has the potential to be extended to any tight gas reservoir in the future. The horizontal well with multiple transverse fractures has proven to be an effective strategy for shale gas reservoir exploitation. The compositional case optionally uses tabular kvalues versus p, rather than equation of state fugacitybased kvalues. Cmg develops marketleading reservoir simulation software, which is recognized worldwide as the industry standard for advanced recovery processes. Modeling discrete irregular stratabound fracture network flow, including dynamic recharge from the matrix, author mckoy, m.
Understanding gas production mechanism and effectiveness of well stimulation in the haynesville shale through reservoir simulation. To access the 2007 edition of the handbook, visit the speonline bookstore. Compositional reservoir simulation was used to predict the performance of enhanced oil recovery. The development of sweet spot in tight gas reservoir is restricted by various. John lee abstract reservoir simulation is an important tool that can be used to simulate as well as predict production from shale reservoirs. This book delivers the latest research and applications used to better manage and interpret simulating production from shale gas and tight oil reservoirs. The entire spectrum can be simulated, from black oil and compositional to thermal recovery of heavy oil resources.
The reasonable development technology policy in sweet spot of tight. Reservoir simulate is an area of reservoir engineering modeling reservoir dynamic behaviour using 3d models generated from geology, geophysics, petrophysics, etc disciplines to predict fluid flow through porous media. Crains petrophysical handbook tight gas reservoir analysis. Tight gas basics most of us are familiar with traditional tight gas reservoirs clean, low porosity sandstones or siltstones that look unattractive on log analysis, at least by the conventional wisdom of the 1960s.
Abstract how do historical production data relate a story about subsurface oil and gas reservoirs. Tight oil shale formations are heterogeneous and vary widely over relatively short distances. It is best to use the simplest model which can meet the study objectives. Tight gas sand is generally characterized as a formation with effective permeability less than 0.
Attend cmgs handson training to develop technical expertise and accelerate your career. Tight oil and shale gas reservoirs have a significant part of their pore volume occupied by. Often, more data and more engineering manpower are required to understand and develop tight gas reservoirs than are required for higherpermeability. Tight gas reservoirs society of petroleum engineers. Compared to conventional reservoirs, production from unconventional shalegas. Shift factors3 are included to account for volume translation. The reservoir simulation chapter in the 1987 edition of the petroleum engineering handbook included a general description of reservoir simulation models, a discussion related to how and why they are used, choice of different types of models for different reservoir problems, and reliability of simulation results in the face of model assumptions. Studies on several tight gas sandstone reservoirs in the greater green river basin. Holditch, john spivey, john yilin wang chapter 1 reservoir characterization stephen a. Optimizing hydraulic fracturing treatment integrating. Simulation of petroleum reservoir performance refers to the construction and operation of a model whose behavior assumes the appearance of actual reservoir behavior.
Tight gas is natural gas produced from reservoir rocks with such low permeability that massive hydraulic fracturing is necessary to produce the well at economic rates. Top notch 2 students book top notch 2 students book. Reservoir simulation models impact on production forecasts. The impact of kerogen properties on shale gas production. Optimizing hydraulic fracturing treatment integrating geomechanical analysis and reservoir simulation for a fractured tight gas reservoir, tarim basin, china, effective and sustainable hydraulic fracturing, andrew p. Evaluating factors controlling damage and productivity in. The liquid dropout curve assumes the two phases remain in contact with one another. Accurate simulation of shalegas reservoirs onepetro. Reservoir simulation is based on well known reservoir engineering equations and techniques the same equations and techniques the reservoir engineer has been using for years. Under the model in the broad scientific sense of the word, they understand a real or mentally created structure that reproduces or reflects the object being studied. Shale gas and tight oil reservoir simulation delivers the latest research and applications used to better manage and interpret simulating production from shale gas and tight oil reservoirs. Purchase shale gas and tight oil reservoir simulation 1st edition.
Holditch chapter 4 shale gas archna agrawal, yao tian, stephen a. In general, simulation refers to the representation of some process by either a theoretical or a physical model. Eclipse 300 solves the reservoir flow equations for compositional hydrocarbon descriptions and thermal simulation. Abstract the computation of flowingwell bottomhole pressure from the pressure of the block containing the well or of well now rate when the flowing bottomhole pressure is specified are important considerations in reservoir simulation. The organic content often adsorbs some gas content, while the adsorbed amount for different gas species is different. New fortran codes have been developed to generate fracture networks, to simulate reservoir drainagerecharge, and to plot the fracture networks and reservoir pressures.
Fluid flow and heat transfer in wellbores, second edition. Reservoir simulation is an area of reservoir engineering in which computer models are used to predict the flow of fluids typically, oil, water, and gas through porous media. In the meantime, aibased pta tools are structured for naturally fractured tight gas reservoirs developed with multilateral wells, and gas reservoir recovered using dual lateral wells. As reservoir engineers, we can analyze most conventional oil and gas reservoirs and even tight gas plays by measuring or estimating the variables which constitute darcys law and the material. In shale gas reservoirs, the gas will be stored in the form of free gas and the adsorbed gas. Reservoir engineering aspects of unconventional oil and gas.
Shale gas and tight oil reservoir simulation knovel. Simulation study of co 2 eor in tight oil reservoirs with. A reservoir simulation study of naturally fractured. Reservoir simulation models impact on production forecasts and performance of shale volatile oil reservoirs. Starting with basic fundamentals, the book then includes real field data that will not only generate reliable reserve estimation, but also predict the effective range of reservoir and fracture properties. Moreover, they are generally naturally fractured with a complex fracture network. The best know play of this type is the alberta deep basin, developed. Tight gas reservoirs represent a significant portion of natural gas reservoirs worldwide. From conventional to tightgas to shalegas to tight. Reservoir modeling and simulation cairo university.
The simulator can load the cornerpoint grids commonly used in the reservoir simulation industry. This chapter is from the 1987 edition of the petroleum engineeringhandbook. Unconventional datadriven methodologies forecast performance in unconventional oil and gas reservoirs keith r. Agenda how cmgs simulators are being used oshaletight reservoir modelling features oshaletight reservoir modelling workflows how other simulators are being used shale operators using cmgs simulators spe references. A thesis in petroleum engineering submitted to the graduate faculty of texas tech university in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of master of sciences in petroleum engineering approved. Simulation of gas transport in tightshale gas reservoirs by. Although shales have low permeability and low effective porosity, shale gas is. The datacollection process draws input data from all relevant disciplines. The objective of the study was to investigate the feasibility of huffnpuff eor in the gas condensate part of the field. To evaluate a layered, tight gas reservoir and design the well completion, the operator must use both a reservoir model and a hydraulic fracture propagation model. This is because there is a long period of transient flow in tight gas reservoirs that biases. The ability to use simulation to investigate the sensitivity of production to reservoir parameters is particularly important for reservoirs such as shale gas reservoirs where traditional core measurements are difficult or impractical to perform. Shale oil production performance from a stimulated reservoir volume.
In reservoir simulation, the principle of gigo garbage in and garbage out is well known. Pdf a generalized framework model for the simulation of gas. Production optimization of a tight sandstone gas reservoir with well completions. Cmg software solutions reservoir simulation software.
When pressure decreases at reservoir temperature, a rich gas top leftt forms a higher percentage of liquid than a lean gas top rightt. The complete guide to investing in property, 5th edition liz hodgkinson. Tight oil and shale gas pvt modelling for flow simulation with. Training course and seminar catalog society of petroleum. Production optimization of a tight sandstone gas reservoir. Reservoir simulation of dualporosity and dualpermeability systems and sensitivity analysis are performed for different matrix and fracture.
Performance prediction in gas condensate reservoir 1. However, serious limitations exist in the fundamentals of reservoir simulation when it comes to unconventional or complex reservoirs. Holdaway, louis fabbi, and dan lozie, sas institute inc. Tight gas reservoirs are generally defined as having less than 0. From microseismic to simulation a horn river case study o joint paper with cmg and nexen iptc14940 evaluation in data rich fayatteville shale gas plays integrating physicsbased reservoir simulations with data driven approaches for uncertainty reduction. Shale gas and tight oil reservoir simulation request pdf. Flow modelling in low permeability unconventional reservoirs.
Reservoir simulation 54 reservoir engineering for geologists was originally published as a fourteenpart series. Panmesh numerical simulation analysis software from weatherford. Bunger, john mclennan and rob jeffrey, intechopen, doi. Analytical well models for reservoir simulation onepetro. In these studies, universal intelligent systems act as robust datadriven rta andor pta tools applicable for various types of reservoirs. This user guide is intended to report the status of the datacollection process.
Although the first objective of our study was to model shale gas reservoirs, however this proposed approach looks also suitable for the simulation of multiphase flow from different. Reservoir simulation of shale gas and tight oil reservoirs. Sep 15, 2016 for the co 2 flooding the focus should be on the extension of the crosssectional area of the gas. An application on a shale gas reservoir example and tight oil reservoir example are presented. Analytical and numerical simulation studies are performed to have a qualitative understanding of damage mechanisms associated with production from nonfractured and hydraulically fractured tight gas reservoirs.
312 1554 1412 392 1633 1206 1475 9 1042 1195 243 904 424 1436 1412 352 1262 511 602 1452 1143 421 1686 1260 201 250 243 321 724 1120 1480 383 693 173 584 157 618